Mail-Graveyard/backend/03-auth.go

package backend

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"crypto/subtle"
	"encoding/base64"
	"fmt"
	"html"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

type contextKey string

const (
	sessionCookieName       = "mail_graveyard_session"
	currentUserKey          = contextKey("currentUser")
	roleUser                = "user"
	roleManager             = "verwalter"
	roleAdmin               = "admin"
	passwordHashIterations  = 120000
	defaultSessionValidDays = 7
)

// InitAuth bereitet die Session-/Login-Verwaltung vor.
//
// Sicherheitslage: Dieses Tool haelt IMAP-Zugangsdaten fremder Postfaecher und
// kann per SMTP Mails verschicken. Es darf NIE offen im Netz stehen.
//   - Default: bind 127.0.0.1 (nur lokal), Login mit admin_user/admin_pass.
//   - Wenn remote erreichbar (hinter Caddy): HTTPS und restriktive Caddy-Regeln
//     beibehalten. Rollen prueft die App serverseitig.
func InitAuth() error {
	if err := CleanupSessions(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := CleanupPasswordResets(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	count, err := CountAppUsers()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if count > 0 {
		return nil
	}
	if strings.TrimSpace(Cfg.AdminUser) == "" || Cfg.AdminPass == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("admin_user/admin_pass fehlen fuer initialen Login-Benutzer")
	}
	hash, err := HashPassword(Cfg.AdminPass)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return SaveAppUser(strings.TrimSpace(Cfg.AdminUser), "Admin", hash, roleAdmin, true)
}

// AuthMiddleware schuetzt alle Routen ausser /login und /static.
func AuthMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		if strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/static/") || r.URL.Path == "/login" || strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/password/") {
			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}
		cookie, err := r.Cookie(sessionCookieName)
		if err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(cookie.Value) == "" {
			redirectToLogin(w, r)
			return
		}
		user, err := SessionUser(cookie.Value)
		if err != nil {
			clearSessionCookie(w)
			redirectToLogin(w, r)
			return
		}
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), currentUserKey, user)))
	})
}

func CurrentUser(r *http.Request) AppUser {
	if u, ok := r.Context().Value(currentUserKey).(AppUser); ok {
		return u
	}
	return AppUser{}
}

func CanManageAccounts(r *http.Request) bool {
	return hasRole(CurrentUser(r), roleManager)
}

func CanManageUsers(r *http.Request) bool {
	return hasRole(CurrentUser(r), roleManager)
}

func IsAdmin(r *http.Request) bool {
	return CurrentUser(r).Role == roleAdmin
}

func requireManager(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
	if CanManageAccounts(r) {
		return true
	}
	http.Error(w, "Keine Berechtigung.", http.StatusForbidden)
	return false
}

func requireAdmin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) bool {
	if IsAdmin(r) {
		return true
	}
	http.Error(w, "Nur Admins duerfen diese Aktion ausfuehren.", http.StatusForbidden)
	return false
}

func hasRole(user AppUser, needed string) bool {
	rank := map[string]int{roleUser: 1, roleManager: 2, roleAdmin: 3}
	return rank[user.Role] >= rank[needed]
}

func loginHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	switch r.Method {
	case http.MethodGet:
		renderLoginPage(w, r.URL.Query().Get("err"))
	case http.MethodPost:
		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
			renderLoginPage(w, err.Error())
			return
		}
		username := strings.TrimSpace(r.FormValue("username"))
		password := r.FormValue("password")
		user, err := GetAppUser(username)
		if err != nil || !user.Active || !CheckPassword(password, user.PasswordHash) {
			renderLoginPage(w, "Login fehlgeschlagen.")
			return
		}
		token, err := randomToken(32)
		if err != nil {
			renderLoginPage(w, err.Error())
			return
		}
		expires := time.Now().Add(defaultSessionValidDays * 24 * time.Hour)
		if err := CreateSession(token, user.ID, expires.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")); err != nil {
			renderLoginPage(w, err.Error())
			return
		}
		http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
			Name:     sessionCookieName,
			Value:    token,
			Path:     "/",
			HttpOnly: true,
			SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
			Expires:  expires,
			MaxAge:   int(time.Until(expires).Seconds()),
		})
		http.Redirect(w, r, "/view", http.StatusSeeOther)
	default:
		http.Error(w, "method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
	}
}

func forgotPasswordHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	switch r.Method {
	case http.MethodGet:
		renderForgotPasswordPage(w, "")
	case http.MethodPost:
		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
			renderForgotPasswordPage(w, err.Error())
			return
		}
		username := strings.TrimSpace(r.FormValue("username"))
		if username != "" {
			user, err := GetAppUser(username)
			if err == nil && user.Active {
				if err := sendPasswordReset(r, user); err != nil {
					log.Printf("password reset mail for %s failed: %v", username, err)
				}
			}
		}
		renderForgotPasswordPage(w, "Wenn der Benutzer existiert, wurde ein Reset-Link per E-Mail verschickt.")
	default:
		http.Error(w, "method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
	}
}

func resetPasswordHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	token := strings.TrimSpace(r.URL.Query().Get("token"))
	if token == "" {
		renderResetPasswordPage(w, "", "Reset-Link fehlt.")
		return
	}
	tokenHash := resetTokenHash(token)
	user, err := PasswordResetUser(tokenHash)
	if err != nil {
		renderResetPasswordPage(w, "", "Reset-Link ist ungueltig oder abgelaufen.")
		return
	}
	switch r.Method {
	case http.MethodGet:
		renderResetPasswordPage(w, token, "")
	case http.MethodPost:
		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
			renderResetPasswordPage(w, token, err.Error())
			return
		}
		password := r.FormValue("password")
		confirm := r.FormValue("confirm_password")
		if password == "" || password != confirm {
			renderResetPasswordPage(w, token, "Passwoerter stimmen nicht ueberein.")
			return
		}
		hash, err := HashPassword(password)
		if err != nil {
			renderResetPasswordPage(w, token, err.Error())
			return
		}
		if err := UsePasswordReset(tokenHash, hash); err != nil {
			renderResetPasswordPage(w, token, err.Error())
			return
		}
		log.Printf("password reset completed for %s", user.Username)
		http.Redirect(w, r, "/login?err="+urlQuery("Passwort wurde geaendert. Bitte neu anmelden."), http.StatusSeeOther)
	default:
		http.Error(w, "method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
	}
}

func logoutHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if cookie, err := r.Cookie(sessionCookieName); err == nil {
		_ = DeleteSession(cookie.Value)
	}
	clearSessionCookie(w)
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
}

func renderLoginPage(w http.ResponseWriter, errMsg string) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, `<!doctype html><html lang="de"><head><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Login - Mail-Graveyard</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css?v=20260712-20"></head>
<body class="ol2013 login-body">
<main class="login-card">
  <div class="login-brand"><span class="mail-logo" aria-hidden="true"></span><strong>Mail-Graveyard</strong></div>
  <form method="post" action="/login" class="login-form">
    <label class="label">Benutzer<input class="input" name="username" autocomplete="username" autofocus required></label>
    <label class="label">Passwort<input class="input" name="password" type="password" autocomplete="current-password" required></label>
    %s
    <button class="btn" type="submit">Anmelden</button>
    <a class="login-link" href="/password/forgot">Passwort vergessen?</a>
  </form>
</main>
</body></html>`, loginErrorHTML(errMsg))
}

func renderForgotPasswordPage(w http.ResponseWriter, msg string) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, `<!doctype html><html lang="de"><head><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Passwort vergessen - Mail-Graveyard</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css?v=20260712-20"></head>
<body class="ol2013 login-body">
<main class="login-card">
  <div class="login-brand"><span class="mail-logo" aria-hidden="true"></span><strong>Mail-Graveyard</strong></div>
  <form method="post" action="/password/forgot" class="login-form">
    <label class="label">Login/E-Mail<input class="input" name="username" autocomplete="username" autofocus required></label>
    %s
    <button class="btn" type="submit">Reset-Link senden</button>
    <a class="login-link" href="/login">Zurueck zum Login</a>
  </form>
</main>
</body></html>`, loginNoticeHTML(msg))
}

func renderResetPasswordPage(w http.ResponseWriter, token, errMsg string) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, `<!doctype html><html lang="de"><head><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Passwort setzen - Mail-Graveyard</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css?v=20260712-20"></head>
<body class="ol2013 login-body">
<main class="login-card">
  <div class="login-brand"><span class="mail-logo" aria-hidden="true"></span><strong>Mail-Graveyard</strong></div>
  <form method="post" action="/password/reset?token=%s" class="login-form">
    <label class="label">Neues Passwort<input class="input" name="password" type="password" autocomplete="new-password" autofocus required></label>
    <label class="label">Wiederholen<input class="input" name="confirm_password" type="password" autocomplete="new-password" required></label>
    %s
    <button class="btn" type="submit">Passwort speichern</button>
    <a class="login-link" href="/login">Zurueck zum Login</a>
  </form>
</main>
</body></html>`, html.EscapeString(token), loginErrorHTML(errMsg))
}

func loginErrorHTML(errMsg string) string {
	if errMsg == "" {
		return ""
	}
	return `<div class="notice bad login-error">` + html.EscapeString(errMsg) + `</div>`
}

func loginNoticeHTML(msg string) string {
	if msg == "" {
		return ""
	}
	return `<div class="notice ok login-error">` + html.EscapeString(msg) + `</div>`
}

func redirectToLogin(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if r.Header.Get("HX-Request") == "true" {
		w.Header().Set("HX-Redirect", "/login")
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
		return
	}
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
}

func clearSessionCookie(w http.ResponseWriter) {
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name:     sessionCookieName,
		Value:    "",
		Path:     "/",
		HttpOnly: true,
		SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
		MaxAge:   -1,
		Expires:  time.Unix(0, 0),
	})
}

func HashPassword(password string) (string, error) {
	salt, err := randomToken(18)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	sum := passwordDigest(password, salt, passwordHashIterations)
	return fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%d:%s:%s", passwordHashIterations, salt, base64.RawStdEncoding.EncodeToString(sum)), nil
}

func CheckPassword(password, encoded string) bool {
	parts := strings.Split(encoded, ":")
	if len(parts) != 4 || parts[0] != "sha256" {
		return false
	}
	var iterations int
	if _, err := fmt.Sscanf(parts[1], "%d", &iterations); err != nil || iterations <= 0 {
		return false
	}
	want, err := base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[3])
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	got := passwordDigest(password, parts[2], iterations)
	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(got, want) == 1
}

func passwordDigest(password, salt string, iterations int) []byte {
	data := []byte(salt + ":" + password)
	sum := sha256.Sum256(data)
	out := sum[:]
	for i := 1; i < iterations; i++ {
		next := sha256.Sum256(out)
		out = next[:]
	}
	return out
}

func randomToken(size int) (string, error) {
	b := make([]byte, size)
	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
}

func resetTokenHash(token string) string {
	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(sum[:])
}

func sendPasswordReset(r *http.Request, user AppUser) error {
	token, err := randomToken(32)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	expires := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Minute)
	if err := CreatePasswordReset(resetTokenHash(token), user.ID, expires.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	link := baseURL(r) + "/password/reset?token=" + token
	subject := "Mail-Graveyard Passwort zuruecksetzen"
	body := fmt.Sprintf("Hallo %s,\n\nzum Zuruecksetzen deines Mail-Graveyard-Passworts nutze diesen Link:\n\n%s\n\nDer Link ist 30 Minuten gueltig.\n", userDisplayName(user), link)
	return SendPlainMail([]string{user.Username}, subject, body)
}

func baseURL(r *http.Request) string {
	proto := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Proto")
	if proto == "" {
		if r.TLS != nil {
			proto = "https"
		} else {
			proto = "http"
		}
	}
	host := r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Host")
	if host == "" {
		host = r.Host
	}
	return proto + "://" + host
}